Análisis comparativo de desempeño entre codecs de audio y video para videoconferencia sobre infraestructura VPN

Analisis comparativo de desempeno de CODECS de audio y video para Videoconferencia sobre infraestructura VPN, el mismo que fue realizado de manera personal en la ciudad de Riobamba, Provincia de Chimborazo. La Videoconferencia consiste en convertir la voz y video en informacion digital que pueda ser transmitida por la red. Para que esto sea posible se requiere del uso de codificadores y decodificadores (CODECS). El analisis se lo ejecuto de las muestras tomadas de varias videoconferencias con distintos escenarios. La seleccion de los CODECS se la realizo en base a los mas comunes en su uso, los que prestan mejores caracteristicas y sobre todo que tengan licencia gratuita. Para la implementacion del ambiente de prueba se utilizo “Isabel” como aplicacion de Videoconferencia, la misma que cuenta con herramientas muy poderosas con las que se pueden medir ciertos parametros como ancho de banda, perdida de paquetes y retardos, los mismos que serviran para medir el desempeno de los CODECS. De los resultados de la investigacion se obtuvo que los CODECS con un mejor desempeno para video y audio fueron: XVID y G726/24 por su consumo minimo de ancho de Banda 369,12 Kbps y 39,17 Kbps respectivamente, ademas de la baja perdida de paquetes y el menor retardo. Se concluye asi que la seleccion del tipo de codec que se utilice para la videoconferencia influye muchisimo en la calidad de la misma, por esta razon se recomienda, tomar en cuenta las caracteristicas del medio de transmision para realizar la seleccion correcta del CODEC.The comparison of performance audio and video codecs for video conferencing over VPN infrastructure was performed by personal means in the city of Riobamba, Chimborazo Province. The videoconferencing involves converting voice and video digital information that can be transmitted by the network. To make this possible requires the use of encoders and decoders (CODECS). The analysis was executed on samples taken from several videoconferences with various scenarios. The selection of CODECS is made based on the most common in use, providing the best features. Besides all they have free license. To implement the test environment it was used the "Elizabeth" test as a videoconferencing application. This process has the same powerful tools which let to measure certain parameters such as bandwidth, packet loss and delay. These parameters will allow to measure performance of the CODECS. From the results of the investigation it was found that the performance of CODECS for video and audio were improved. The G726/24 XVID presented minimum consumption of bandwidth, Kbps 369.12 Kbps and 39.17 respectively, plus the low packet loss and the shortest delay. It is concluded that the selection of the type of codec that is used for video conferencing greatly affects the quality. Thus, it is recommended to take into account the characteristics of the transmission medium to make the correct selection of CODEC

Deep learning and Internet of Things for tourist attraction recommendations in smart cities

The version of record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06872-0We propose a tourist attraction IoT-enabled deep learning-based recommendation system to enhance tourist experience in a smart city. Travelers will enter details about their travels (traveling alone or with a companion, type of companion such as partner or family with kids, traveling for business or leisure, etc.) as well as user side information (age of the traveler/s, hobbies, etc.) into the smart city app/website. Our proposed deep learning-based recommendation system will process this personal set of input features to recommend the tourist activities/attractions that best fit his/her profile. Furthermore, when the tourists are in the smart city, content-based information (already visited attractions) and context-related information (location, weather, time of day, etc.) are obtained in real time using IoT devices; this information will allow our proposed deep learning-based tourist attraction recommendation system to suggest additional activities and/or attractions in real time. Our proposed multi-label deep learning classifier outperforms other models (decision tree, extra tree, k-nearest neighbor and random forest) and can successfully recommend tourist attractions for the first case [(a) searching for and planning activities before traveling] with the loss, accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score of 0.5%, 99.7%, 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.8%, respectively. It can also successfully recommend tourist attractions for the second case [(b) looking for activities within the smart city] with the loss, accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score of 3.7%, 99.5%, 99.8%, 99.7% and 99.8%, respectively.This work has been supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain under project PID2019-108713RB-C51/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Deep learning and 5G and beyond for child drowning prevention in swimming pools

Drowning is a major health issue worldwide. The World Health Organization’s global report on drowning states that the highest rates of drowning deaths occur among children aged 1–4 years, followed by children aged 5–9 years. Young children can drown silently in as little as 25 s, even in the shallow end or in a baby pool. The report also identifies that the main risk factor for children drowning is the lack of or inadequate supervision. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel 5G and beyond child drowning prevention system based on deep learning that detects and classifies distractions of inattentive parents or caregivers and alerts them to focus on active child supervision in swimming pools. In this proposal, we have generated our own dataset, which consists of images of parents/caregivers watching the children or being distracted. The proposed model can successfully perform a seven-class classification with very high accuracies (98%, 94%, and 90% for each model, respectively). ResNet-50, compared with the other models, performs better classifications for most classes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Análisis comparativo de desempeño entre codecs de audio y video para videoconferencia sobre infraestructura VPN

Analisis comparativo de desempeno de CODECS de audio y video para Videoconferencia sobre infraestructura VPN, el mismo que fue realizado de manera personal en la ciudad de Riobamba, Provincia de Chimborazo. La Videoconferencia consiste en convertir la voz y video en informacion digital que pueda ser transmitida por la red. Para que esto sea posible se requiere del uso de codificadores y decodificadores (CODECS). El analisis se lo ejecuto de las muestras tomadas de varias videoconferencias con distintos escenarios. La seleccion de los CODECS se la realizo en base a los mas comunes en su uso, los que prestan mejores caracteristicas y sobre todo que tengan licencia gratuita. Para la implementacion del ambiente de prueba se utilizo “Isabel” como aplicacion de Videoconferencia, la misma que cuenta con herramientas muy poderosas con las que se pueden medir ciertos parametros como ancho de banda, perdida de paquetes y retardos, los mismos que serviran para medir el desempeno de los CODECS. De los resultados de la investigacion se obtuvo que los CODECS con un mejor desempeno para video y audio fueron: XVID y G726/24 por su consumo minimo de ancho de Banda 369,12 Kbps y 39,17 Kbps respectivamente, ademas de la baja perdida de paquetes y el menor retardo. Se concluye asi que la seleccion del tipo de codec que se utilice para la videoconferencia influye muchisimo en la calidad de la misma, por esta razon se recomienda, tomar en cuenta las caracteristicas del medio de transmision para realizar la seleccion correcta del CODEC.The comparison of performance audio and video codecs for video conferencing over VPN infrastructure was performed by personal means in the city of Riobamba, Chimborazo Province. The videoconferencing involves converting voice and video digital information that can be transmitted by the network. To make this possible requires the use of encoders and decoders (CODECS). The analysis was executed on samples taken from several videoconferences with various scenarios. The selection of CODECS is made based on the most common in use, providing the best features. Besides all they have free license. To implement the test environment it was used the "Elizabeth" test as a videoconferencing application. This process has the same powerful tools which let to measure certain parameters such as bandwidth, packet loss and delay. These parameters will allow to measure performance of the CODECS. From the results of the investigation it was found that the performance of CODECS for video and audio were improved. The G726/24 XVID presented minimum consumption of bandwidth, Kbps 369.12 Kbps and 39.17 respectively, plus the low packet loss and the shortest delay. It is concluded that the selection of the type of codec that is used for video conferencing greatly affects the quality. Thus, it is recommended to take into account the characteristics of the transmission medium to make the correct selection of CODEC

Desarrollo del pensamiento científico : proyecto innovación en formación científica

Con este libro el IDEP difunde los resultados del proyecto de innovación en pensamiento científico en al escuela, adelantado con 23 maestros y maestras de diez instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogotá. Este colectivo presenta sus expectativas pedagógicas y cómo a partir de procesos de reflexión, formulación y fortalecimiento de sus destrezas escriturales se nutre y complementa su quehacer. Se trata de experiencias integradas al aula de clase, con el propósito de generar pensamiento crítico, experimentación y cooperación escolar, formación social y política, inventiva, competencias científicas, enseñanza aprendizaje por investigación y acción lúdica: así mismo, estimular la autoestima, la autonomía socio-afectiva, comunicativa, corporal, cognitiva, imaginativa y el trabajo colaborativo desde distintos campos del saber. Se profundiza, además, en los fundamentos teóricos y la implementación de metodologías que permiten identificar el sentido de las prácticas docentes.Presentació... 7 Introducción... 9 Enseñanza para el desarrollo del pensamiento científico desde la escuela... 15 Claudia Rocío Carrillo Socializando saberes…construyendo aprendizajes: una metodología de aula de clase... 35 Isabel Jiménez Estudio etnobotánico de algunas especies del barrio los Andes de Bogotá y reconocimiento de su valor sociocultural en la comunidad... 53 Cenaida Fajardo Caracoles de colores: una mascota inusual que motivó el estudio de las ciencias naturales y el desarrollo valorativo desde la interdisciplinariedad... 71 Adriana Marcela Rodríguez Lelia Rocío Quimbay Ruby Esmeralda Ramírez ¡Qué rico refri! otra forma de aprendizaje innovador de la lectura y la escritura a través del refrigerio... 85 Yanet Sánchez Pabón Mariluz Venera De La Hoz Silvia Arciniégas mediante el uso de juegos y textos digitales: 6 de la realidad virtual a la realidad concreta en el CED Motorista ... 97 María Mercedes Pacheco Liliana Escobar Sierra Marta Isabel Jiménez Alexandra López Gabriel David Salgado Medios de comunicación para el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas en el aula de clase...115 Martha Cepeda Museo interactivo de la mecánica como estrategia pedagógica en la enseñanza de la tecnología... 129 María Rocío Pinilla Jorge Rodríguez López Tecnología: mucho más que prototipos, una apuesta innovadora... 151 Javier Montoya Farfán Marleny Ruiz Aguilar Omar Humberto Salamanca López Juan Carlos Torres Ardila La aplicación de una propuesta interdisciplinaria sobre informática educativa... 165 Martha González de Rueda Pablo Amaya Tarazona Del juego a las matemáticas: una estrategia innovadora en la práctica docente... 181 Óscar Raúl Ruiz Murci

Memorias. Encuentro de Experiencias en Inventarios y Monitoreo Biológico

Las discusiones temáticas alrededor de la consolidación del Inventario Nacional de Biodiversidad para Colombia y la Red de Monitoreo de Biodiversidad como una estrategia de largo plazo, sin duda temas complejos que requerirán de grandes esfuerzos, coordinación y generosidad institucional y personal, los podrá apreciar el lector a lo largo del presente documento, esperando que pueda entender también la importancia que tienen los resultados y la agenda propuesta si en el futuro queremos tomar decisiones con bases científicas

Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791

Reproducibility of fluorescent expression from engineered biological constructs in E. coli

We present results of the first large-scale interlaboratory study carried out in synthetic biology, as part of the 2014 and 2015 International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competitions. Participants at 88 institutions around the world measured fluorescence from three engineered constitutive constructs in E. coli. Few participants were able to measure absolute fluorescence, so data was analyzed in terms of ratios. Precision was strongly related to fluorescent strength, ranging from 1.54-fold standard deviation for the ratio between strong promoters to 5.75-fold for the ratio between the strongest and weakest promoter, and while host strain did not affect expression ratios, choice of instrument did. This result shows that high quantitative precision and reproducibility of results is possible, while at the same time indicating areas needing improved laboratory practices.Peer reviewe